Construction

In fundamentavh stone (rubble, block, etc.) are possible: local subsidence, vertical and oblique fractures; leach salts from the cement, masonry separation and loss of individual stones (in the rubble foundations); dampness on the inner surfaces of the basement. Damage to or destruction of the foundations also contributed to soil erosion bases its vspuchianie (clay, loam, etc.), water saturation of the soil adjacent to structures; occurrence in groundwater of substances corrosive to the material of the foundation. Subsidence of foundations, ie, a gradual lowering of the ground under the influence of upstream loads in low-rise housing construction relative to the phenomenon rare. Typically, the support area of the foundation being built, especially tape, significantly higher than the calculated and neprosadochnyh soils almost always ensures their stable state. The uneven foundation settlement most frequently observed during the initial period of operation at home when there is deposit base.

Later it may occur when the mode of functioning of the soil base. Signs of uneven foundation settlement are: the emergence of the vertical walls of oblique fractures, curvature of horizontal lines (base, rows of masonry, the joints), the deviation of the building walls, etc. In order to avoid drawdown footprint bases the calculation of check and if necessary, increase: a continuous footing by broadening their lower part of column, in addition, by reducing the distance between the posts and make the strengthening of the foundation. In areas with high water table position on the foundations of low-rise buildings affected by the powerful forces of frost heave. In severe heaving soils (water-saturated clay, loam, sandy loam, silty sands and fine), these forces reached 100-150 kPa (10-15 ts/m2) and, acting on the foundation from the bottom up, often exceed the load placed structures. In this seasonal movement of the surface layer of Palm in its ground promerrzanii 1-1.5 m are 10-15 Skewed see the porch, terrace, veranda, and sometimes the walls of houses - in most cases is the result of frost heaving of soil strength.